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LGBT culture or LGBTQI culture is a culture shared by lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning and intersex people. It is sometimes referred to as queer culture (indicating people who are queer), while the term gay culture may be used to mean "LGBTQI culture," or to refer specifically to homosexual male culture. LGBT culture varies widely by geography and the identity of the participants. Elements common to cultures of gay, lesbian, bisexual transgender and intersex people include: * Works by famous gay, lesbian, bisexual transgender and , including: * *Contemporary LGBT artists and political figures * *Historical figures identified as LGBT, although identifying historical figures with modern terms for sexual identity is controversial (see History of sexuality). However, many LGBT people feel a kinship with these people and their work (particularly that addressing same-sex attraction or gender identity); an example is VictoryFund.org, dedicated to supporting homosexual politicians. *An understanding of LGBT social movements *An ironic appreciation of things stereotypically linked to LGBT people *Figures and identities present in the LGBT community; in European and American LGBT culture, this might include the gay village, drag kings and queens, Pride parades and the rainbow flag. Not all LGBT people identify with LGBT culture; this may be due to geographic distance, unawareness of the subculture's existence, fear of social stigma or a preference for remaining unidentified with sexuality- or gender-based subcultures or communities. The Queercore and Gay Shame movements critique what they see as the commercialization and self-imposed "ghettoization" of LGBTQI culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2009-08-18 )〕 In some cities (especially in North America), some LGBTQI people live in gay villages: neighborhoods with a high proportion of gay residents. LGBT communities organize events celebrating their culture, such as Pride parades, Gay Games and Southern Decadence. == Gay male culture == According to Herdt, "homosexuality" was the main term used until the late 1950s and early 1960s; after that, a new "gay" culture emerged. "This new gay culture increasingly marks a full spectrum of social life: not only same-sex desires but gay selves, gay neighbors, and gay social practices that are distinctive of our affluent, postindustrial society".〔Herdt, G (Ed.) (1992). Gay Culture in America: Essays from the Field. Beacon Press: Boston, MA〕 During the 19th and early 20th centuries gay culture was covert, relying on secret symbols and codes woven into an overall straight context. Gay influence in early America was primarily limited to high culture. The association of gay men with opera, ballet, couture, fine cuisine, musical theater, the Golden Age of Hollywood and interior design began with wealthy homosexual men using the straight themes of these media to send their own signals. In the heterocentric Marilyn Monroe film ''Gentlemen Prefer Blondes'', a musical number features Jane Russell singing "Anyone Here for Love" in a gym while muscled men dance around her. The men's costumes were designed by a man, the dance was choreographed by a man and the dancers (as gay screenwriter Paul Rudnick points out) "seem more interested in each other than in Russell"; however, her presence gets the sequence past the censors and works it into an overall heterocentric theme.〔http://www.sonypictures.com/classics/celluloid/misc/history.html〕 After the 1969 Stonewall riots in New York City, gay male culture was publicly acknowledged for the first time. A group of seven gay men formed The Violet Quill, a literary club focused on writing about the gay experience as a normal plotline instead of a "naughty" sideline in a mostly straight story. An example is the novel ''A Boy's Own Story'' by Edmund White. In this first volume of a trilogy, White writes as a young homophilic narrator growing up with a corrupt and remote father. The young man learns bad habits from his straight father, applying them to his gay existence. Female celebrities such as Liza Minnelli, Jane Fonda and Bette Midler spent a significant amount of their social time with urban gay men (who were now popularly viewed as sophisticated and stylish by the jet set), and more male celebrities (such as Andy Warhol) were open about their relationships. Such openness was still limited to the largest and most-progressive urban areas (such as New York City, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Seattle, Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, Miami, Boston, Washington DC, New Orleans, and Philadelphia), however, until AIDS forced several popular celebrities out of the closet due to their illness with what was known at first as the "gay cancer".〔(Timeline: 25 Milestones in Our Time With AIDS: June 200 )〕 Elements identified more closely with gay men than with other groups include: *Pop-culture gay icons who have had a traditionally gay-male following (for example, disco, Madonna, Judy Garland, Cher, Lady Gaga and Diana Ross) *Familiarity with aspects of romantic, sexual and social life common among gay men (for example, Polari, poppers, camp, fag hags and—in South Asian LGBTQI culture—"evening people")〔Ratti, Rakesh (Ed.) (1993). Lotus Of Another Color: An Unfolding of the South Asian Gay and Lesbian Experience. Alyson Books Boston MA〕 There are a number of subcultures within gay male culture, such as bears and chubbies. There are also subcultures with an historically large gay-male population, such as leather and SM. Gay critic Michael Musto opined, "I am a harsh critic of the gay community because I feel that when I first came out I thought I would be entering a world of nonconformity and individuality and, ''au contraire'', it turned out to be a world of clones in a certain way. I also hated the whole body fascism thing that took over the gays for a long time."〔Interview with Michael Musto, David Shankbone, ''Wikinews'', October 7, 2007.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「LGBT culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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